A Study on Various Fruit Juice Companies of Bangladesh

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Origin of the report: This report was conducted and submitted as a partial requirement for the course Business Communication (BUS 231). The report was authorized by Eng. Mr. Kamrul Hassan, Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, East West University. The report was prepared jointly by our group members. 1. 2 Background of the Study: We were assigned as a group to have a study on various fruit juice companies of Bangladesh. We have conducted a study on their organization and also find out the consumer perception about the product.We find out the consumer perception about various fruit Juice. 1. 3 Objective of the study: The main purpose of the project is to show the customer preference to select fruit juice by doing a questionnaire based survey. We were instructed from our business communication course lecturer Eng. Mr. Kamrul Hassan to submit a business communication report on a four generetic products . We choose four fruit juice comp anies that are available in Bangladesh, such as Pran, Acme, Frutika and Shezan mango juice. This project also discusses the frequency table and show graph of different questions about fruit juice.It also helps to know the customer satisfaction level and customer brand loyalty of different brands of fruit juice. We had some objectives behind making the report. These are: †¢ To know about consumer perception for fruit Juice. †¢ To gather practical knowledge on analyzing companies financially. †¢ To be experienced on gathering survey. We believe that we were successful to fulfill most of our objectives. Thanks Allah to bless on us. 1. 4 Scope: The main focus of this report is to discuss the customer preference about the fruit juice and the factors which are the reasons to select their product.It also gives a little description about the history, mission, vision, goal and strategy about the industry. The report discusses the products and service they are giving. It also d iscusses, the target customer and market they are focusing to do business. 1. 5 Methodology: 1. 5. 1 Sources of information: We collect this information from our friends and our relatives. A small proportion of people like 20 from university and 10 from our local friends and uncle’s was selected, as the population of the study. 1. 5. 1. 1 Primary sources:Directly from filling the Questionnaire. 1. 5. 1. 2 Secondary sources: Taken data from various magazines, Newspaper and other prominent source of information collected from different websites and search engines. 1. 5. 2 Data Collection techniques: We have collected our data by questionnaire. 1. 5. 3 Data Analysis techniques: The report was mainly done on the various age of people. These people communicated with us via questionnaires. 1. 5. 3. 1 Statistical tools used: We have used frequency tables and pie chart as our statistical tools. 1. 6 Definitions and Acronyms:The human- relations dimension of communication makes it an activity that involves ethics. But business communication in particular brings ethical considerations into play. The fundamental purpose of a business is to stay in business and, most would say, to maintain or increase stakeholder wealth. When a business is in trouble or the owners are greedy, it can be tempting to try to serve this purpose by using communication in unethical ways. 1. 7 Limitation: The major limitations encountered are: †¢ Lack of enough time: The term paper was prepared within a very short time considering the topics related to it.That’s why; it was not possible to demonstrate all aspects of the report. †¢ Insufficient data: The data required for sufficient analysis for preparing the report could not be collected due to the insufficiency of data. †¢ Inconsistent data: Data from different sources were quite inconsistent which created some problems in making the report & compelled us to verify the data diligently. Some information was withheld t o preserve privacy of the companies. So, we can’t give the exact information always. 1. 8 Report Preview: The first chapter we have talked about the origin & the background of the report.We also have discussed the objectives, scopes, methodologies, definitions & acronyms and finally limitations to wrap up the chapter. Then in second chapter of the term paper we have included the introduction and some brief information on fruit juice companies. It also includes the organ gram of the companies, its missions & visions, its services etc. Then in the third chapter we have analyzed perception of consumers and make a table and graph by using statistical techniques for the fruit juice companies In the final segment, we have drawn our own conclusion regarding the ratio analysis. We also have some recommendations stated at the end.CHAPTER 2: ORGANIZATION 2. 1 History of the organization(PRAN) : PRAN means P- Program for R- Rural A-  Advancement N- Nationality â€Å"PRAN† is cu rrently the most well known household name among the millions of people in Bangladesh and abroad also. Since its inception in 1980, PRAN Group has grown up in stature and became the largest fruit and vegetable processor in Bangladesh. It also has the distinction of achieving prestigious certificate like ISO 9001:2000, and being the largest exporter of processed agro products with compliance of HALAL & HACCP to more than 70 countries from Bangladesh.PRAN is the pioneer in Bangladesh to be involved in contract farming and procures raw material directly from the farmers and processes through state of the art machinery at our several factories into hygienically packed food and drinks products. The brand â€Å"PRAN† has established itself in every category of food and beverage industry and can boost a product range from Juices, Carbonated Drinks, Confectionery, Snacks, and Spices to even Dairy products.Today, our consumers not only value â€Å"PRAN† for its authentic refres hing juice drinks products, but also for its mouth watering quality confectionery products with high visual appeal and exciting texture. We intend to expand our presence to every corner of the world and strive to make â€Å"PRAN† a truly international brand to be recognized globally. 2. 2 Mission: 1. Being respectful towards everyone. 2. Being trustworthy by action. Being passionate and creative in all we do. 3. Keeping things simple in the way we do things. 4. Being ethical and transparent. 5. Demonstrating individual and collective ownership. . Practicing an open culture in communication and interaction. As a uniquely Asian company, our goal is to catalyze progress in Asia by piecing together technology, connectivity and talent – this brand is symbolic of our commitment to the industry, to the region Vision: PRAN is the largest grower and processor of fruits and vegetables in the country. Their contract growers cultivate the choicest fruits and vegetables which are p rocessed in our modern and hygienic factories to highest quality standards. They think the comparative advantage of their country as an economy lies in agriculture.They believe the way to economic prosperity is through agri and agro-business. PRAN is in testimony to their convictions. Strategy: December 2009 — Present (9 months) †¢ To prepare annual, semi-annual and quarterly plan to achieve key commercial targets for the the company. †¢ To identify, analyze and develop the competitor’s price positioning and price points relevant to tariff plans in the industry which meets customer’s needs. †¢ To identify and get well acquainted with pricing model by revising/ implementing new price plan. †¢ To identify threat or potential by tracking entire commercial divisions key performance. To identify and develop product costing and implement quarterly Commercial activities calendar. †¢ To analyze & develop and recommend co-ordination meeting with all stakeholders of pricing & product team to review the activities/stages and going forward. †¢ To identify, prepare pricing concept and develop the commercially feasible report and roll out through approved process. †¢ To achieve targeted KPI of each stages by utilizing pricing tools to meet the Pricing model. †¢ To generate concept and get it approved from management in pursuit of company's business targets. To follow the systems and policy in place to for smooth operation of sales function. 2. 3 Organizational Structure & Size: Pran Company is one of the largest Food & Beverage Company of Bangladesh. They have their network tower all over Bangladesh. They also have much shop within Bangladesh. The basic departments of this organization are- Finance, Marketing, Accounting, HR, Corporate Strategy, Internal Audit, Technology, and Corporate Affairs. There are one head for each of these departments. CEO CSO CHRO CFO CTO CMOAnd other department head officers are also im portant but lesser than these head officers. 2. 4 products, services, customers, markets | | |Company Policy: To market products of consistent quality at home and abroad as per world standards produced hygienically in accordance with | |good manufacturing practices in state of the art plants & process, packed in appropriate packaging and remain committed to these objectives at| |all the times. | | |Corporate Head Office: Property Heights, 12 R K Mission Road, Dhaka – 1203. | |LOCATION OF PRODUCTION | |Location of Production: Ghorashal, Palash, Narshingdi. | |PRODUCT CATAGORIES | |Product Categories: Juice, Drinks, Beverage, Culinary, Snacks, Confectionary, Dairy. | | |Major Exporting Products: Fruit Juices, Fruit Drinks Instant Powdered Drinks, Pickles , Canned Fruits & Vegetables, Extruded & Fried Snacks, | |Tea, Aromatic Rice, Puffed Rice, Flattened Rice, Jam & Jelly, Plain Spices, Blended Spices, Mustard Oil, Mineral Water, Dehydrated fruits, | |Tomato Ketchup / Sauce, Toffees, Candies, Bubble Gum, Biscuits & other confectionery etc. | | |Major Exporting Countries: India, KSA, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Djibouti ,Angola, Australia, Austria,, Belgium, Benin, Brunei, Burkina | |Faso, Bhutan, Cameroon, Canada, Capo Verde Islands, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, France, Gabon, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, | |Greece, Guinea, India, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Myanmar, Mayo tee, Nederland | |Antilles, Nepal, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, RCA, Reunion Islands, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Srilanka, Sudan, Sweden, | |Switzerland, Togo, UK, USA & Yemen. | 2. 5 Future Plan of the Organization: Like every food & beverage company AMCL Pran Company also has a future plan. According to their plan, this company gives strong effort for performing well.This company is performing very competently. They are always tries to ahead of their competitors. This activity indicates that t hey want to grab more market share day by day. So the future plan of AMCL Pran Company is to grab the highest market share within couple of years. 2. 6 History of the organization (FRUTIKA): Akij Group is one of the fastest business conglomerates in Bangladesh. Founded by Late Sheikh Akij uddin, the group started in humble way through trading business in 1940. Under his dynamic and charismatic leadership, the Group rapidly rose to the peak of success and has today 25 large Industrial and Commercial Units. Akij Food and Beverage Ltd is one of them.Akij Group launched in the local market three varieties of fruit juice under the brand name, â€Å" FRUTIKA†. 2. 7 Mission, Vision, Goal Strategy: mission: As a concern sister of Akij Group, the mission of AFBL is to surf the people best quality, social well fare etc. The mission of Akij group is narrow Vision: profit increase, market share and want to be market leader. They also have a vision to create new job opportunities in the m arket. Goal: Akij group has an objective to full fill their mission and also increase the company growth with adequate profit margin and more over want to satisfy their customers. 2. 8 Service, customer, Target Audience and Market:Akij Food and BeverageLimited wants to satisfy their all the customers. But it is very difficult to satisfy the all. . So in order to make sure the customer’s choice they has different flavors of juice named Frutika like mango, Orange and grape. Future Plan: Frutika is now a well known brand. So AFBL has a plan for increase its profitability. They are looking for new plant of new flavor. They are thinking for come in market with 2 liter juice bottle. 2. 9 Future Plan of the Organization: Like every food & beverage company Akij Food and beverage limited also has a future plan. According to their plan, this company gives strong effort for performing well. This company is performing very competently.They are always tries to ahead of their competitors. This activity indicates that they want to grab more market share day by day. 2. 10 History of the organization (ACME) ACME Group is one of the leading and diversified global conglomerates in Bangladesh, with offices in all major cities, employing over 3000+ employees and dedicated to  bringing the highest quality products and services to our customers. The ACME Agrovet & Beverage Ltd. is a FMCG business venture to manufacture fruit juice, mineral water and many more. These are manufactured and bottled in a state-of-the art processing factory using latest machines and Tetra-Pak facility. 2. 11 Mission, Vision, Goal, Strategy: Mission:The mission of ACME group is perpetual quest for excellence. Vision: ACME’s holistic approach is to ensure Health, Vigor and Happiness for all by manufacturing quality products of the highest quality at affordable prices and expanding in the local and global market. 2. 12 Service, customer, Target Audience and Market: ACME, though a pharmaceutic als company, produce juice as a food product. The marketing process of ACME juice is different than the other products that ACME produces. These diversities are found in distribution line, target, promotion strategy, pricing strategy, consumer relation and so on. To identify the potential target market ACME runs survey.For ACME juice the target market is the upper class and middle class people. It includes the people who are health conscious and prefer juice to satisfy thirst rather than cold drinks. 2. 13 Future Plan: ACME’s concern is is that the happy health of consumers. They are buying new plants for innovative-safety pack for their juices. Shezan: Shezan is not our locally made juice. It is imported from Pakistan. In our local market, we get only mango flavor of Shezan. The importer of the Shezan juice in our country is Nature Care. CHAPTER 3: Findings and Analysis Research Approach The respondents for this study are consumers who are using toilet soap at home, lived in Bangladesh.Research is focused mainly on younger consumers. Small amount of elder consumer also present in this survey. A pilot survey was carried out first and then questionnaires were used as a tool to collect required data. Sampling Method There are 10 questions about fruit juice and all brands were very familiar in Bangladesh. The questionnaires were distributed among the male and female consumers who live in Dhaka. Sample size was 30 and which covers all the brands used by different respondents. Data Analysis The statistical data analysis was done mainly thorough descriptive statistics, using Chi-Square method. The SPSS software was used to execute the analysis process.Methods such as pie charts were used to derive and summarize the data. The MS Excel was also used in data summarization process. Questions used in Questionnaires: The survey questions are shown below: 1. Which brand you prefer most as the best fruit juice? i)Pran ii) Frutika iii) Acme iv) Shezan v) Others 2. Whi ch juice you usually take? i) Pran ii) Frutika iii) Acme iv) Shezan v) Others 3. How often do you buy juice? i) Everyday ii) Once in a week iii) After 15 days iv) Once in a month 4. What flavor do you like most? i) Mango ii) Grape iii) Orange iv) Lemon v) Others 5. From where you purchase the juice frequently? ) Super market ii) Grocery shop iii) Fancy shops iv) Premium grocery v) Others 6. The age group who are responding this survey? i) 9-14 ii) 15-20 iii) 21-26 iv) 27-35 v) Others 7. From where do you come to know about this juice you are taking? i)TV adv ii)Radio iii)Bill-board iv)Newspaper v) Others 8. Which size do you prefer most? i)250 mL ii) 500mL iii) 1000 mL iv) 1250 mL v) Others 9. What do you prefer bottle or packet juice? i)bottle ii)packet 10. Thinking of similar products offered by companies, how would you compare your product? i)Much better ii) Some what better iii) About the same iv) Somewhere worse v)much worse SURVEY ANALYSIS Quantity of QuestionnairesThe summary of questionnaires collected is shown below. Question 1: 1. Which brand you prefer most as the best fruit juice? i)Pran ii) Frutika iii) Acme iv) Shezan v) Others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 1: Which brand you prefer most as the best fruit juice? | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |i |Pran |10 |33. 33 |33. 33 |33. 33 | |ii |Frutika |7 |23. 33 |23. 3 |56. 67 | |iii |Acme |3 |10 |10 |66. 67 | |Iv |Shezan |4 |13. 33 |13. 33 |80. 0 | |v |Others |6 |20 |20 |100. 0 | |Total |30 |100. 0 |100. 0 | | Histogram (Pie chart): [pic] Interpretation:The table is showing that Pran is the best fruit juice on the basis of our survey. Out of 30 respondents 10 respondents go favor of Pran which results for 33. 33% of total and respondents 7 prefers Frutika which result for 23. 33%,Acme 10%,Shezan 13. 33% and Others 20% of total respondents. Question 2: 2. Which juice you usually take? i) Pran ii) Frutika iii) Acme iv) Shezan v) Others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 2: Whi ch juice you usually take? | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |i |Pran |8 |26. 67 |26. 67 |26. 7 | |ii |Frutika |6 |20 |20 |46. 67 | |iii |Acme |2 | 6. 67 |6. 67 |53. 34 | |Iv |Shezan |6 |20 |20 |73. 34 | |v |Others |8 |26. 67 |26. 67 |100. 0 | |Total |30 |100. 0 |100. | | Histogram (pie chart): [pic] | | | | | | | Interpretation: From the table, we are seeing the juice which usually drink by the respondents. Out of 30 respondents 8 respondents drinks Pran which result for 26. 67% of total and 6 respondents drinks frutika which result for 20%, acme 6. 67%, shezan 20% and Others result for 26. 67% of total respondents. Question 3: 3. How often do you buy juice? i) Everyday ii) Once in a week iii) After 15 days iv) Once in a month v) others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 3: How often do you buy juice? |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |i |Everyday |7 |33. 33 |33. 33 |33. 33 | |ii |Once in a week |9 |23. 33 |23. 33 |53. 33 | |iii |After 15 days |4 |13. 33 |13. 33 |66. 67 | |Iv |Once in a month |4 |13. 3 |13. 33 |80. 0 | |v |Others |6 |20 |20 |100. 0 | |Total |30 |100. 0 |100. 0 | | Histogram (pie chart) : [pic] Interpretation: From the above data it can be concluded without doubt that most people buy fruit juice once in a week. Second highest number of people buys juice every day which results of 33. 33%. Other people buy juice after 15 days and once in a month which results is 13. 33%. | | | | | |Question 4: | | | | | 4. What flavor do you like most? i) Mango ii) Grape iii) Orange iv) Lemon v) Others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 4: What flavor do you like most? | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |i |Mango |12 |40 |40 |40 | |ii |Grape |4 |13. 33 |13. 3 | 53. 33 | |iii |Orange |5 |16. 67 |16. 67 |70 | |Iv |Lemon |5 |16. 67 |16. 67 |86. 67 | |v |Others |4 |13. 33 |13. 33 |100. 0 | |Total |30 |100. 0 |100. 0 | | Histogram (pie chart) : [pic]Interpretation: From the above table we can see th at from the sample of 30, 40% people like mango flever, 13. 33% people like grape and others and 16. 67% people like orange and lemon. 5. From where you purchase the juice frequently? i) Super market ii) Grocery shop iii) Fancy shops iv) Premium grocery ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 5: From where you purchase the juice frequently? | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |i |Super market |10 |33. 33 |33. 33 |33. 3 | |ii |Grocery shop |2 |6. 67 |6. 67 |40 | |iii |Fancy shops |4 | 13. 33 |13. 33 | 53. 33 | |Iv |Premium grocery |6 |20 |20 |73. 33 | |v |Others |8 |26. 67 |26. 67 |100. 0 | |Total |30 |100. 0 |100. 0 | |Histogram (pie chart) : [pic] Interpretation: From the above table we can see that from the sample of 30, 33. 33% people purchase juice from super market, 6. 67% people purchase from grocery shop, 13. 33% people purchase from fancy shop,20% people purchase from premium shop and 26. 67% people purchase from other market. Question 6: 6. The age group who are responding this survey? i) 9-14 ii) 15-20 iii) 21-26 iv) 27-35 v) Others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 6: The age group who are responding this survey? | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |i |0-14 9 |30 |30 | 30 | |ii |15-20 |10 |33. 33 |33. 33 |63. 33 | |iii | 21-26 |3 |10 |10 |73. 33 | |Iv |27-35 |6 | 20 |20 |93. 33 | |v |Others |2 |6. 67 |6. 67 |100. 0 | |Total |30 |100. |100. 0 | | Histogram (pie chart) : [pic] Interpretation: From the above table we can see that from the sample of 30, age between 0-14 of customer responds 30%, age between 15-20 of customer responds 33. 33%, age between 21-26 of customer responds 20%, age between 21-26 of customer responds 10%, age between 27-35 responds 20% and above that responds only 6. 67%. Question 7: 7. From where do you come to know about this juice you are taking? i)TV ad ii)Radio iii)Bill-board iv)Newspaper v) Others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 7: From where do you come to know about this juice you ar e taking? |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |i |TV ad |5 |16. 67 |16. 67 |16. 67 | |ii |Radio |6 |20 |20 |36. 67 | |iii |Bill-board |3 |10 |10 |46. 67 | |Iv |Newspaper |8 | 26. 67 |26. 67 |72. 7 | |v |Others |8 |26. 67 |26. 67 |100. 0 | |Total |30 |100. 0 |100. 0 | | Histogram (pie chart) : [pic] Interpretation: from the table we came to know that, 16. 67% came to know about the juice from TV ad, 20% from radio, 10% bill board, 26. 67% from newspapers and others. Question 8: 8. Which size do you prefer most? i)250 mL ii) 500mL iii) 1000 mL iv) 1250 mL v) Others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 8: Which size do you prefer most? |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |i |250 mL |16 |53. 33 |53. 33 |53. 33 | |ii |500mL |4 |13. 33 |13. 33 |66. 67 | |iii |1000 mL |2 |6. 67 | 6. 67 |73. 33 | |Iv |1250 mL |3 |16. 67 |16. 67 |83. 3 | |v |Others |5 |10 |10 |100. 0 | |Total |30 |100. 0 |100. 0 | | Histogram (pie chart) : [pic] Interpretation: From the above table we can see that from the sample of 30, 53. 33% people prefers 250 ml bottle of juice, 13. 33% prefers 500 ml,6. 67% 1000ml,16. 67% people prefers 1250 ml and 10% people prefers others size bottle of juice. Question 9: 9. What do you prefer bottle or packet juice? i)bottle ii)packet ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 9. What do you prefer bottle or packet juice? |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Bottle |16 |53. 33 |53. 33 |53. 33 | |Packet |14 |46. 67 |46. 67 |100. 0 | |Total |30 |100 |100 | | Histogram (pie chart) : [pic] Interpretation: From the table we can see that 53. 33% people prefers bottle juice and 46. 67% people prefers packet juice. Question 10: 10.Thinking of similar products offered by companies, how would you compare your product? i)Much better ii) Some what better iii) About the same iv) Somewhere worse v)much worse ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 10. Thinking of similar products offered by companies, how would you compare your produ ct? | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | | i)Much better |11 |36. 67 |36. 67 |36. 67 | | ii)Somewhat better |6 |20 |20 |56. 7 | | iii)About the same |3 |10 |10 |66. 67 | | iv) Somewhere worse |5 |16. 67 |16. 67 |83. 39 | | v)much worse |5 |16. 67 |16. 67 |100. 01 | |Total |30 |100. 0 |100. 0 | | Histogram (pie chart) : [pic] Interpretation: From the data above we can interpret, that most of the customer are brand loyal and they compare product much better. 16. 7%of the sample says that their product is somewhere worse or much worse and 10% customer says that their product is about the same. CHAPTER 4: Conclusions and Recommendations 4. 1 CONCLUSION The fruit juice companies in Bangladesh is consists of a few producers. The demand for this product is very much vulnerable in terms of pricing. All companies are trying to give their product at a price which is affordable to most of the people in the country. Fruit juice is an uprising product in Bangladesh as a gre ater portion of the population, in summer the frui juice demand increases. There are many fruit juice companies (pran,acme,shejan,frutika etc. has been able to penetrate the market with heavy promotional activities. With different flavor, different bottle and packet sizes, different brand, different price, different quality, have been highly successful in their fields. Its distribution process is highly efficient. It has a huge availability around the country. We have found that usually the children love to take it. We found out that mango is a very popular flavor. Though the children love this, the age old people also have interest in it. People find it as a popular medium of drink. As ours is a mainly summer based country, so we see its demand on scotching heat. 4. 2 Recommendation for fruit Juice: fruit Juice should emphasize on taste because most of the buyers prefer the juice which tastes better. ? fruit Juice can have a wide range of flavors as consumer taste varies. ? fruit Juice should launch more attractive advertisements to attract consumers. ? fruit Juice can sponsor various programs to be promoted. ? Rebate or other types of cash offs can be offered to increase sale. ? There should be separate segmentation and targeting for kids as kids motivate their parents to buy fruit Juice ? Explanations of experts can illustrate the purity of fruit Juice which will clear consumer doubts. ? More nutritious factors can be added to fruit Juice to ensure consumer health. Appended Parts: References: 1. www. wikiepidia. org/en 2. ttp://www. AMCL Pran. com 3. Consumer Survey 4. http://www. google. com Blank format of questionnaires: This questionnaire is designed to determine the factors that are most important to you as a customer of juice. Your kind and patient response would enable us to complete the survey. 1. Which brand you prefer most as the best fruit juice? i)Pran ii) Frutika iii) Acme iv) Shezan 2. Which juice you usually take? i) Pran ii) Frutika iii) Ac me iv) Shezan 3. How often do you buy juice? i) Everyday ii) Once in a week iii) After 15 days iv) Once in a month 4. What flavor do you like most? i) Mango ii) Grape iii) Orange iv) Lemon 5.From where you purchase the juice frequently? i) Super market ii) Grocery shop iii) Fancy shops iv) Premium grocery 6. The age group who are responding this survey? i) 9-14 ii) 15-20 iii) 21-26 iv) 27-35 7. From where do you come to know about this juice you are taking? i)TV adv ii)Radio iii)Bill-board iv)Newspaper 8. Which size do you prefer most? i)250 mL ii) 500mL iii) 1000 mL iv) 1250 mL 9. What do you prefer bottle or packet juice? i)bottle ii)packet 10. Thinking of similar products offered by companies, how would you compare your product? i)Much better ii) Some what better iii) About the same iv) Somewhere worse v)much worse

Fashion life

What you wear defines who you are. Fashion is an enormous icon in our society. It is practically the thing we can never go without. We make our very first impression by what we wear not by our personalities. They say you are what you eat but truly you are what you wear and fashion has provided us with a little something to define everyone. There are so many styles of fashion: Goth, Chic, Prep, Hippies etc. Every style has its own description so why would we not be classified into that style and its description that fits us perfectly.What we wear can also make it easy for us to identify people and whether they are ho we want to socialism with, I. E. An individual wearing all Goth (black colored clothing) would not befriend someone who wears preppy clothing (beige colored clothing). Fashion plays an even bigger role when it comes to uniforms; do you that think without uniforms we would be able to identify the authority on our streets? Do you think that we would have the same respect fo r a doctor in a Shares and t-shirt?A number of religions prescribed a specific clothing style aside for us. Our designers are creative geniuses in all aspects. There is no obvious reason as to why we buy the yep of wardrobes we do. It could be to make a statement to get noticed, I. E. Prostitutes are easy to spot with their provocative style of fashion. Others might Just be copying the current trend – this makes it hard for to prove the theory of â€Å"what you wear defines you† – but then we could Judge these individuals as those who have not found a style that defines them.We wear clothes to beautify ourselves to attract the attention we seek. We dress a certain way that mirrors the mood we are in, happy = bright colored clothing & sad = grey and baggy clothing, there are many seasons as to why we take hours Just deciding what to wear because it is essential in our lives to create the correct mood, persona, background, etc. Why wouldn't one agree with this sta tement?We choose the clothes we wear by the way we want to be perceived by others, fact. Several options about how could one not define ones self with it. They say don't Judge a book by its cover but in the end we still go ahead and judge this is the same for fashion which is why we make sure we always look good. We do not need loincloths anymore to Just cover up it is the 21st century! There is a whole new meaning to clothing ourselves.

Reluctant Fundamentalist Essay

In The Reluctant Fundamentalist, Mohsin Hamid uses a variety of literary devices to create the tone of confusion and agitation. By doing so, Mohsin Hamid also develops a theme of change. All these literary features combine to make an enthralling page-turner. One literary device used by the author to create restlessness in the reader is diction. The author intentionally uses words to create discomfort in the reader. â€Å"The twin towers of New York’s World Trade center collapsed. And then I smiled. Yes, despicable as it may sound (4-6). †The fact that the protagonist smiles at America’s misfortune only puts the reader at unease. Furthermore, the author himself suggests that the smile was a despicable reaction. However by making the reader anxious, Mohsin Hamid does only but one thing; lure in the reader to continue reading. This quote also denotes Changez’s change towards America. This is because, although Changez was â€Å"the product of an American university; (he) was earning a lucrative American salary; (he) was infatuated with an American woman (28-30)† his initial reaction to this incident was a smile. The repetition of the word â€Å"American† only creates the motif that Changez has supposedly become American. However after the attack, Changez’s smile only suggests otherwise; thereby creating the theme of change. Another literary device used by Mohsin Hamid to create a sense of confusion is the use of ambiguity through dramatic monologue. â€Å"It is hateful to hear another person gloat over one’s country’s misfortune. But surely you cannot be completely innocent of such feelings yourself (22-24). † Because the American does not speak, the reader is forced to create the personality of the American in his or her own mind. Thus, when the protagonist accuses the American of being guilty of such feelings, the protagonist is essentially accusing the reader of those feelings. The ambiguity of this quote further agitates the reader, yet at the same time forces the reader to continue reading in hope of finding more truths about the reader’s self. One more technique the author uses to develop the theme of change as well as compel the reader to continue reading is foreshadowing. After reflecting on his reaction to the attack, Changez still doesn’t know why he smiled; â€Å"So why did part of me desire to see America harmed? I did not know, then (30-31). † Although Changez is not sure why he smiled at the present time, this quote indicates that later on, the reader will find out why he smiled; another reason requiring the reader to finish reading the book. Simultaneously however, the author also foreshadows a lot of change is about to take place since we already know Changez is back in Pakistan and telling this story to an American at a Pakistani cafe. Literary devices and techniques are abundant in this passage, though they all merge to create a sense of perplexity and irony. At the same time however, they all merge to create the theme of change. Though all this contrariness simply obliges the reader to continue reading the book. Not only will the reader finally understand Changez’s reaction to the attack but the reader will also discover new truths about him or herself as he/she continues to read the book.

US monetary policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

US monetary policy - Term Paper Example When the Fed wants to â€Å"expand the money supply† (create money), it steps in and buys bonds from these dealers with newly-issued dollars acquired by the Fed for the cost of writing them into an account on a computer screen. The Federal Reserve is overseen by board of governors based in Washington, which is a government body (Solomon 1996). This board of governors comprise of 7 members appointed by the president of the United States of America, each of them has the capacity to serve for 14 years. All this members must pass through senate for confirmation and are eligible for reappointment. The chairman is the head of the board being deputized by the vice chairman. Both the chairman and deputy are appointed by the president and must pass through senate for approval (Solomon 1996). Ben Bernanke is the current chairman; he took over from Alan Greenspan. The most common tool used by the Federal Reserve is the buying and selling of government securities in order to increase or r educe the amount of money in the banking system and this is done through an open market (Timberlake 1993). When they buy securities, they pump money into the banking system and accelerate growth  while sales of securities siphon money from the system. Federal Reserve's aim is to use this technique to  adjust the federal funds rate, that is, the rate at which banks borrow from each other (Timberlake 1993). ... the ones required by the law or rather set by the Federal Reserve board of governors can use the money to bring those changes back to stability (Timberlake 1993). The board of directors of each reserve bank sets the discount rate every 14 days. It's considered the last resort for banks, which usually borrow from each other. The Fed uses the discount rate to check the supply of available funds, which will in effect have impact on inflation and in extension interest rates (Degen 1987). If the available money is abundant, there is more likelihood of inflation occurring. It will become more expensive to borrow from Federal Reserve if interest rate is increased. Short term interest rate will, therefore, be increased by lower supply of money and the opposite is true. Quantitative Easing† (QE) is a kind of operations within markets that assist the Federal Reserve achieve its policy targets (Degen 1987). QE involves open market operations that are not different from the way the Federal Reserve often operates in its quest to attain certain policy objectives. When Federal Reserve changes their target interest rate, it is doing so in order to involve open market operations that alter reserves in the banking system so as to get to its preferred rate.    Open market operations often include moves such as adjusting the existing reserves in the banking system so as to assist reaching a target interest rate.  Many people believe that QE operates to achieve its objectives in ways that are different from standard monetary policy, e.g. influencing demand for loans, the wealth effect and interest rate channels (Wells 2004). Much of the misconception is also due to the untruth that QE helps to fund the US government or is equivalent to â€Å"money printing†.   This is not true. The main

LOreal Consultancy Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

LOreal Consultancy Report - Essay Example Following in part four the report will identify organizations and alliances, what impact they may have on the industry and on the competitive position of L'Oreal. Finally, I determine what strategic options are the most appreciate to this organization to ensure its success in the next five years. The sales of cosmetics and toiletries is on the rise after it slowed down globally in 2004, the world market was valued at $253 billion in 2005. With a positive growth after sentimental recovery from SARS scares and the war in Iraq (GCI, 2006), with strong cosmetic sales in Latin America and Eastern Europe, peaking in Western Europe the largest market. According to indications there was a 4% growth in 2004, an according to the Global Cosmetic Industry Magazine the Euromonitor International forecast of a possible 20% can be obtained if current key trends are followed. Dividing the world cosmetic market in two sections, the mature and the developing markets, it is possible to show where sales are peaking, and where there are still opportunity for expansion. The mature markets can this be seen as Western Europe, Asia Pacific, North America and Latin America as this are where the lion share of the market currently lies. Many of the consumers in this mature market demand more sophisticated products and due the amount of competition product prices needs to be reduced if a company wants to stay competitive. The one market in this section that shows promise are China and most of the high profile players are entering this new market, such as Este Lauder and P&G, with retailers including Sephora and Sa Sa, and direct sellers Avon, Alticor, Mary Kay and New Skin (GCI, 2006). Developing markets can be seen as Venezuela, Vietnam, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and Russia. In 2003 Vietnam showed a 19% growth in cosmetic sales even though demand are still concentrated in the urban areas, offering ample opportunity to expand. The South African market showed a healthy growth as consumers started to buy high margin multi-functional products. With more black South Africans entering the middle income group with the governments aggressive affirmative action policy,

Child-Centered Curriculum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Child-Centered Curriculum - Assignment Example Thus, he uses four instincts to determine the character of the child. These are social, constructive, expressive, and artistic. Moreover, he accentuates that in every instinct, there's a corresponding curriculum that best suits the child. At first sight, John Dewey's child-centered curriculum may looked biased. However, I see it more effective rather than the philosophy proposed by disciplinarists who are main skeptics of John Dewey's belief. I discern that giving importance to a child's' decision help them restrain unnecessary actions and make them more responsible in their own lives. It not only set a perception where they are trusted but also divulge things they are capable of doing. Students, in able to be more effective should know what they really want. This will help them decide which field to pursue. Here, they are more assured to keep on track because they go in the path that interests them. As a shift manager, I seldom put my team under pressure. I motivate them through engaging them with healthy challenges, achievements and fair recognitions. As aforementioned above, I am sensitive to my team's' feelings rather than the goal. If truth be told, my management style varies towards different people just like curriculum towards students. In my job, I tend to handle different people. Same with John Dewey's treatment to students, I prefer giving my team the right to discover their individuality beyond rules and regulations.

Social media advertising on airline industries Article

Social media advertising on airline industries - Article Example These sites are not only used by youngsters, but businessmen/women, housewives, and even retired people use them to get connected with their friends, share their thoughts with the world and find entertainment as well. The most popular sites Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and LinkedIn generate heavy traffic from all kinds of people around the globe. All these sites although have different purposes but are easily used by advertisers to advertise brands in a cost-effective and more interactive way. Social Networks Advertising (SNA) is a very distinct form of advertising. There can ads that are pushed to the consumers, and some that the consumers pull towards themselves. There are some advertisements that require the companies to pay to the social networking sites, whereas there are some that are for free (e.g. Fan pages, twitter profile etc.) There are some that are merely adaptation of the print media (e.g. Banner ads) whereas others are unique for the social media (e.g. fan pages, micro blogging etc) In the beginning only FMCGs or Restaurants marketed themselves on the social media. But now even if you are a service company or you belong to an automobile industry, or you have a small business, you need to have your brand’s social media presence. This research paper will see how social media is used in the airline industry. Most of the great airlines have a social media presence and are engaging with their customers through these interactive mediums. However there are still some airlines where they consider social media as â€Å"just a silly fad† as mentioned in the article â€Å"All that twitters† by Madhu Unnikrishnan & Robert Wall. The article gives the example of JetBlue airline which has 1.4 million followers on Twitter. The company focuses on listening to what customers say and solving their customer service issues with the help of twitter. Many social media analysts say that even if the brand is not online, it will still be discussed there by the

Collaborative Editing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Collaborative Editing - Essay Example The paragraph tends to get too wordy and as a reader I found myself getting lost. There were also a few grammar errors in this segment such as verb tense, comma placement, and sentence structure. The closing was a little too editorial and did not leave much room for the reader of the review to make their own decision on the political slant of the film. Also, stating the message of Orwell so plainly might take out all the enjoyment it can have as a children's film. The review of Jane Austen's "Emma" was well written and very interesting to read. The writer of the essay caught Austen's sentiments about life and conflict with some depth of understanding. The structure was easy to read and contained few, if any, grammatical errors. However, after I read it, I still was not sure it related the story of "Emma" as Austen may have intended it. Aside from the brief, and eloquent, overall description of the book as "a more common, frequent, and laughable mockery", there is little else told to the reader to help them understand the feeling of the story. A descriptive quote would have aided the reader to get a sense of the character. The review could also have benefited from an example of how Austen challenges the reader with her complex storytelling technique. The last paragraph sums up the writer's thesis of "Emma" very clearly.

S.M.A.R.T Goals Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

S.M.A.R.T Goals - Coursework Example Goal: I will look for the organization’s hiring and recruitment policy, and find out what the organization does to hire and retain its employees by week 6. From week 1 to week four, I shall work on reviewing the recruitment and hiring policy of the organization. I will visit the organization and see how the recruitment and hiring process is normally carried out. I will also carry out some interviews among the staff of the organization to find out how they are motivated to remain in the organization. What I learned/ overall goal accomplishment: I have learned that the hiring and recruitment process is very methodological. I have also learned that employers have to not only hire the best employees; they also have to work hard to retain them. Goal: I will find out from the organization’s policies what measures are in place to take care of employee problem and what the organization does to help employees deal with their problems by week 6. How Has this changed my behavior/ attitude: I have come to appreciate that employers should be good managers in all aspects of the word. They should be there to offer guidance and correct errant employees when the need arises. How was the goal met? I had to convince the managers to allow me to talk about their disciplinary policies with them and with their employees. I also went through these policies so that I could understand how the organization treats its employees who have problems. Barriers in meeting my learning outcomes: Although I was able to accomplish my goal, I faced some challenges such as lack of substantive information from the employees.

Critical Analysis of the problems facing manners Europe Coursework

Critical Analysis of the problems facing manners Europe - Coursework Example The challenges are often worsened even more with lack of knowledge about such differences or sensitivity to such differences, which may impact interactions and the manner in which business is done. Sometimes even those who do understand the significance of the national differences, often mistakenly their way of doing things is the best and most successful. Every country at least has some differences in the way business is done, human resource is planned, people are motivated, and even labour laws practised (Plessis, 2010:180; Mead, 2009). The varying values, behaviours, and beliefs that people hold are critical to the success of human resource management of an international business. This paper analyses the various human resource challenges and problems that Manners Europe faces in its Netherlands office. It will do so using various a numbers of theoretical frameworks such as Hall’s High Low context theory and Hofstede’s five dimensions theory to critically understand t hese problems. Case analysis Problems facing Manners Europe Based on the case experience of Manners Europe, it can be noted that the company division is faced with operational and people management problems. This can be attributed to the different ways that the Dutch carry about their business operations and the export of the parent company’s United States management style in the Netherlands business operations management. The key problems noted from Manners Europe situation include: Problems in motivational tactics used Problems in reward management Communication problems Problems in effective recruiting and retention of employees Problem with management style Problem as to whether a European or American as Tom Steiger’s successor These problems are as analysed below: Problems in motivational tactics used Different people value different things and it is these things valued that often impact the kind of motivation strategies. This implies that motivation is highly imp acted by culture as it is culture that impacts the values that people hold. It is imperative that what employee value and what motivates be clearly understood so that effective working motivation strategies can be employed (Hofstede, 2011). This denotes that in order to understand the problems as to why the pay for performance motivation tactics currently used in Manners Europe are not working it is imperative to understand what the Dutch value and what motivates them based on their cultures. Analysing case based on the Dutch culture using Gert Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions (Mead, 2009; Brewster, Sparrow, and Vernon, 2011), it can be noted that the Dutch are more individualistic persons who places prefer a loosely knit social network and place high value in taking care of their own needs and those of their immediate families only rather than groups. This is clearly noted in the employees’ emphasis on meeting their social needs and the needs of their families rath er than feeling obliged to meet the needs of the organisation (Verburg et al, 1999:397; Hofstede, 2011). The Dutch are less aggressive and competitive but rather place great emphasis on the quality of life and a good work life balance, and also place a high value on codes of beliefs (Tod, 2004:28; Hofstede, 2011). The business ethics between the Dutch and Americans are different. While

Online Therapy Paper Essay Example for Free

Online Therapy Paper Essay This paper is related to an online therapy. This paper consists of the elements and contents of the information that is found on any online therapy website along with the information of the professionals that are involved in that therapy. The paper also outlines the way in which most of the communication relating online therapy. The paper will also highlight the policies and regulations that provide fundamentals to run an online therapy. The paper also comprehends the state regulation authority to observe and scrutinize online therapy. The paper will also present the information relative to the ethical and security issues like confidentiality along with informed consent. The paper will end up with a small discussion regarding the benefits and risks of the online therapy. The first selected website of online therapy that retrieved was www.lzcybershrink.com where the services are advertised by Elizabeth Zelvin. Elizabeth Zelvin is acknowledged as a licensed clinical social worker along with a psychotherapist. All services are provided by the single person that is her. Ms. Zelvin as retrieved from her biography holds 20 years of experience and was involved in a private service in New York State. Ms. Zelvin handled communication relating online therapy through implication of a chat room setting. This chat room provides opportunity to clients to arrange a schedule of treatment and appointment with Ms. Zelvin before actual arrival through employing email. The professional involved provide a password for her patients and start conversation through signing in at same time through online setting. The cost is offered based on  ½ hour, hour and email exchange. The cost of a 30 minute chat is set at $65 while a 60 min chat is priced at $100 while a single email exchange costs $45. The service accepts most of the online payment systems and credit cards but the payment have to be done before the actual schedule of therapy. The website also shows advertisements regarding the books and songs she has written along with the poetry. The website is whole relating the promotion content of the Ms. Zelvin. (Zelvin, 2009) The other website that was retrieved as an online therapy website is www.live-counselor.com. This website provides services of online therapy employing a chat room for communication purposes. The website involves 200 different professionals that are therapists, counselors, along with some social workers available. The website consists of live counselors who provide a mediating service to make connections of the clients with the  required therapist, counselors and the social workers. The site provides support with addictions, coping with crisis or physical conditions, eating disorders, parenting, personal development, personality and emotional disorders, and relationship issues. The service provided is charged per minute. The rates range from $1to $1.89. Registration of credit card is done before starting of conversation. Live-counselor is just a moderator and has not required setting appointments yet the clients may sign-in anytime their service provider is available. The profile of professionals shows a mark on them while they are online. The site does not have any other content besides service providers biographies, disclaimers in regard to not taking responsibility f or anything that occurs on the website, and the billing process. (Live-Counselor, 2009) The third website relating an online therapy was retrieved from www.serenityonlinetherapy.com. The website provides the information regarding the therapy via email or a chat-room set-up. The website centralizes on a single service provider that is Carl Benedict, a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) in the State of Maryland†. He got the experience of 12 years as therapist and provides services in mental health clinic along with a hospital. Mr. Benedict counts for a three years experience in online therapy. The price of chat is charged as $50 for 60 minute chat along with a discount offered as a package for the clients of online therapy. Many categories of articles are uploaded by Mr. Benedict regarding various issues clients might be experiencing like as, depression, childhood trauma, addiction, parenting, grief and loss, and duel diagnosis. The website also shows some inspirational poems along with some sayings to motivate the clients by Mr. Benedict. (Benedict, 2009) All states in the US, except California, license professional counselors. The state counsel or licensure boards administer the application processes and procedures that have been established by law in each state. The National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) website lists the contact information for each states, except California, Board of Mental Health Practice. The website empowers and enables clients the ability to check the credentials of professionals who are offering online therapy and make an informed decision of whether or not to hire that particular professional. (NBCC, 2009) For the reason of advancement in technology and science there do arise some ethical and security issues. It is depicted that online therapy give rise to issues  like; security, which concerned that either online therapy is safe and effective, either there is chance that clients provide true information relative to the consent, along with the confirmation of clients and professionals as real who are involved in communication process while in chat rooms. All three websites retrieved for this paper provide disclaimers on them to make clients and professionals on safe side while online therapy like If you hav e serious thoughts of hurting yourself or others, dial 911 or if you have a chronic mental illness requiring intense treatment online therapy is not an option for you(Benedict, 2009). The three websites visited all use chat room settings for communication purposes. A password is provided to the client who registers himself by making payments through credit card. That specific password is then used by the client whenever he wants to sign in not only in chat room but also for the therapy session. The client has no way of knowing what type of security software or measures the online therapist is using to protect their personal information. Nothing guarantees that the client is who he or she claims; in a traditional setting the client and the therapist know who is present. Online therapy present some barriers regarding the options of making payment and the client is also going through a risk to pay for an online therapy session. All three websites involve a credit card payment which provides risks to clients in terms of leaking of their credit card and personal information because of providing information online. On other hand in physical setting the credit card is only swiped or the payments can be done through cash and cheques. The client holds every control regarding his personal information while in a physical office or clinical setting along with having every possible payment option for making payments. Some of the ethical issues also arise because of the technology advancements, like as is it ethical to provide online therapy when there no guarantees that the client and therapist say he or she is. In an office setting at least the client and the therapist can use ids to ensure identity. Online therapy does not require medical records; how is the therapist supposes to know the physical and mental health of a client? The therapist has to rely on self-disclosure which is taking a big risk on the therapists behalf. How can a therapist tell if the client is fully participating in therapy? In a traditional setting the therapist can rely on body language which is how most human communication is made. This part of  report presents some risks that are involved while involving oneself in online therapy. A traditional therapy session allows for a therapist to get a full picture of the clients well-being by having access to medical records and being able to read a clients body language. Another uncomfortable element with online therapy is because clients likes to know who is helping him, what he or she looks like for security reasons, and the inability to read body language is upsetting. Some benefits that are derived from online therapy in terms of clients are discussed in this part. An example of advantage is anonymity; this helps those clients who face some social difficulties in a traditional therapy setting and hence can find it advantageous to be in their comfort zone while at their own home. Clients having difficulties to approach a regular and dependable transportation can be benefited by the online therapy. This technology also facilitated those clients who lack the presence of any local therapist and thus can get the opportunity to find someone online for that help and assis tance. Online therapy is an alternative for clients and is the clients choice to decide what works best for him or her. After going through an in-depth study of the online therapy it is recommended that the client has to measure the both sides of the online therapy before deciding for himself what to implement. Individual needs vary from person to person so we cannot say what work best for whom. It is also depicted that the technology on one side is exciting as well as controversial at the same time. References Benedict, C. (2009). â€Å"Services†. Retrieved from: http://www.serenityonlinetherapy.com Live-Counselor. (2009). â€Å"Services†. Retrieved from: http://www.live-counselor.com The National Board for Certified Counselors(NBCC) . (2009). Retrieved from: http://www.nbcc.org. Zelvin, E. (2009). â€Å"Elizabeth Zelvin†. Retrieved from: http://www.lzcybershrink.com.

Frankenstein Movie Version vs. Mary Shelley’s Novel Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein Movie Version vs. Mary Shelley’s Novel Essay In 1957 British Production Company Hammer Films launched their own series of adaptations of Frankenstein with the first film entitled â€Å"The Curse of Frankenstein†. The Frankenstein’s myth was revived once again. This time it was more different from the Universal Studios own version. The prominent element in the Universal Series was the monster but Hammer chose the person of Victor Frankenstein as focal point and subject of the story. The Curse of Frankenstein is set around 1880. Baron Victor Frankenstein and his new teacher Paul Krempe became close companions. They started their experiments and their first success was the reanimation of a puppy. After several years they want to experiment it on humans. They stole the body of a hanged highwayman from the gallows. Victor bought body parts like eyes, hands and several other parts, which they stitch together. Finally, the only thing needed to complete his creation is a brain, â€Å"the mind of a genius†. Victor killed his old mentor Professor Bernstein to place its brain in his creation. Victor Frankenstein was entirely different from the character in Shelley’s novel. He was not as bad as the film portrays. He doesn’t have to kill anyone to achieve his goal. The only close similarity to the original story is the monster with its ugly and horrible appearance. The monster also from the moment it wakes was found to be very aggressive and evil. It kills a blind man and a young girl unlike in the original where it is not even capable to express feelings and emotions. The film was based on the original story of Frankenstein novel but a lot of twists and modifications have been already done to the original theme. Works Cited Rohrmoser, Andreas. The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) The Monstrous Baron: Hammer Film’s Frankenstein Series. 2006. 24 September 2008. http://members. inode. at/359743/frankenstein/frankenstein-hammer. htm

Quantitative Determination of Atrazine

Quantitative Determination of Atrazine The objective of this study is to develop a simple and economic spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of atrazine. This method is based on the complexation of atrazine derivatization (dechlorinated atrazine [DA]) with a mixture of formaldehyde and ketone compound, as described by Mannich reaction. The complex was determined by UV-Vis absorption measurement and the ketone compound used was the uranine due to its high coefficient absorption. The UV spectrum of the complex shows maxima of absorption at 207 nm and at 227 nm. An internal standard was used to quantify the atrazine. There is a good linearity between the absorbance and the concentration in the range of 0.1 10 ÃŽ ¼g.mL-1 of atrazine. The recovery value was 97 % and the limit of detection was 0.01 µg.mL-1. Real samples collected from irrigation local area were analyzed using this method and the estimated concentration of atrazine found in the mentioned river is 0.29  ± 0.011 ÃŽ ¼g.mL-1. Keywords: Atrazine, dechlorination by zero valent iron, Mannich reaction, Spectrophotometer, quantification, internal standard, real samples measurements. Introduction Atrazine are widely used in agriculture, and their heavy use has resulted in the environmental pollution. Their persistent presence had been a serious problem, especially in surface and ground water systems. Atrazine herbicides were often used especially in Europe and the United States (1, 2), as important atrazine and simazine have been greatly used in maize cultivation and forestry. Their solubility in soil is low, and then can migrate along the food chains, and their intense use and presence in the environment have created a health threat to human beings. Recently, they have been considered as a group to be endocrine disrupting chemicals (3). The European Union Drinking Water Directive sets official regulations on the maximum admissible concentrations in drinking water as 0.1 mg.L-1 for an individual herbicide and 0.5 mg L-1 for total pesticides (4) whereas in surface water the alert and alarm threshold values are typically 1 and 3 mg.L-1 (5). Hence, the development of sensitive a nd economic analytical methods is very crucial for screening the presence and amounts of atrazine and preventing toxicological risks. In general, gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are the techniques popularly used for the determination of atrazine and simazine (6-9). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), amperometric immunosensor, and adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination were developed for the analysis of atrazine and simazine, (10-13). In general, these techniques are expensive and involve time-consuming separation steps. These methods are unsuitable for field testing, for continuous monitoring or for screening high numbers of samples as required in mapping pesticide pollution in time and space. The objective of this work is to analyse the atrazine by a economic and rapid method. The proposed method in this work is based on the dechlorination of atrazine [DA] by zero valent iron powder (ZVIP), according to the reference fourteen (14) and using the [ DA] obtained in the Mannich reaction in order to give rise a by product having an extinction coefficient absorption more intense than atrazine compound. Materials and methods Chemicals and reagents All chemicals and solvents used were of analytical grade or of a higher grade when available. Formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid were purchased from Fisher, (MA, USA). Atrazine was purchased from Rodel-dehein, zero valent iron powder (350 mesh) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich Ultra pure water was prepared using a multi-Q filter system (Millipore, MA, USA). Instruments The UV absorption measurements were performed on a Shimadzu UV- 1650 PC. With 10 mm quartz cells were used for spectrophotometric measurements. The pH values are measured using METTLER TOLEDO pH-meter. Standard Solutions Stock solution of atrazine was prepared into a volumetric flask at a concentration of 10 ÃŽ ¼g.mL-1, 10 mL of this solution were mixed with 20 mL of acidified di-ionized water (pH = 4) and transferred into a flask of 100 mL. 2.5 g of zero valent iron powder were also added into the flask and shacked for 15 minutes. A complete dechlorinatation of atrazine must be achieved according to the previous work (14). This solution was in the Mannich reaction. Calibration Curves Samples for analysis were prepared by mixing uranine , formaldehyde and dechlorinated atrazine solutions. De-ionized water was transferred into each sample to reach a final volume of 10 mL. Calibration curves were built for quantitative measurements using the samples prepared according the table 1. Composition of samples used to build regression curve of the absorbance of the complex obtained by Mannich reaction and atrazine dechlorinated [DA] Internal standard curve addition and Recovery Atrazine dechlorinated was added as an internal standard for the calibration of the measurement, according to the method described in (Muel and Lacroix, 1960; Rima, Lamotte and Joussot-Dubien, 1982) (16, 17). Determination of the pH was done using a Mettler Toledo (OH, USA) pH-meter. Samples for analysis were prepared by mixing 0.5 ml of uranine (10 ÃŽ ¼g.mL-1), 1mL of pure formaldehyde and different volumes of dechlorinated atrazine stock solutions diluted to [0.75 ÃŽ ¼g.mL-1] (1-1.5 -2- 2.5 and 3 mL). De-ionized water was transferred to each sample to reach a final volume of 5 mL. Table 2 describes the preparation of the standard curve. Recovery experiments were performed by standard addition method: 0.15 ÃŽ ¼g.mL-1 of Atrazine dechlorinated was added to samples and percentage of recovery (R%) was calculated as follows: R% = [(Cr-Cf)/Cr] 100 Cr = Real concentration of atrazine in the fortified samples Cf = Concentration of atrazine obtained by the internal standard addition curve River water analysis The water analyzed was collected from River in the north of Lebanon.[agricultural area] 100mL of the polluted water were treated by zero valent iron powder according to the protocol mentioned above. The samples were fortified by solutions of dechlorinated atrazine having an initial concentration of 0.75 ÃŽ ¼g.ml-1 in order to build the internal standard curve. Table 3 summarizes the volumes of different solutions used in the mixtures. Results and Discussion Mechanism of the dechlorination of atrazine Most halogenated hydrocarbons, RX, can be reduced by iron metal. The overall reaction (Equation 1) results in dehalogenation of RX. Three general pathways by which this process may occur have been proposed (Matheson and tratnyek,) (18). The first involves direct reaction of the metal surface, in which case equation (A) alone adequately represents the pathway of reduction. The other two possible pathways do not involve the metal surface directly. Instead, Fe2+ and H2, which are products of corrosion by water, serve as the reductants that are directly responsible for dehalogenation of RX equation B and C. Fe0 + RX + H+ ↔ Fe2+ + RH + X- A 2Fe2+ + RX + H+ ↔ 2Fe3+ + RH + X- B H2 + RX ↔ RH + H+ + X- C More specifically the atrazine can be written as RX ( X = Cl ). With zero valent iron powder in the acidic aqueous solution the chlorine can be replaced by the hydrogen. According the following reaction: Effect of the dechlorination of atrazine on its extinction coefficient absorption. UV absorption spectra of atrazine in aqueous solution (1.5ÃŽ ¼g.mL-1) were recorded and compared to the spectra of the by-product obtained by the treatment of atrazine as shown in figure 1. Atrazine was dechlorination by zero valent iron powder according to the method described by Matheson, L.J et al (18). The extinction coefficient of the atrazine at the 220 nm (maximum of absorption) was estimated the value of 35200 M-1.L; whereas the extinction coefficient of the dechlorinated atrazine which give a maximum at 210 nm was found equal to 169000 M-1.L. Figure 1. The experimental observations revealed that by the removal of the chlorine atoms an hyperchromic and hypsochromic effects were observed. An increasing of the extinction coefficient and a blue shift from 220 nm to 210 nm of the maximum of absorption were detected. According to the table 4 , the proton that accompanies the formation of the free amine in Equilibrium 1 is available to protonate other reactants in the solution (Equilibria 2 and 3). Addition of the free amine to a protonated molecule of formaldehyde leads to the formation of the iminium ion shown at the right of (Equilibria 4). The enol of acetone then adds to the carbon atom of the iminium ion in (Equilibrium 5). In the equilibrium 1 as shown in the table 1, the nitrogen is enriched by electrons of the CH3 group and this nitrogen will react with H+ as base/acid reaction. However, when the electrons of the nitrogen, are deprived under the influence of the electron affinity of chlorine, this nitrogen will lose its basic character, then the à ©quilibre1 should be disturbed .In the other hand the nitrogen of the Equilibrium 4 play a nucleophilic role and ,if this nitrogen is disadvantaged by a chlorine attractive effect; it will lose the nucleophilic characteristics and the reaction with the carbon of the aldehyde in the Equilibrium 4. cannot be obtained In the case of atrazine it well known that the chlorine plays the role of the electrons donor to the nitrogen of the cycle and the electrons attractive of the aliphatic nitrogen. Since the Mannich reaction must take place at the aliphatic nitrogen not at the aromatic nitrogen and when the chlorine was removed by dechlorination process, the electrons at the aliphatic nitrogen become more dense and then it will be more able to play the role of nucleophilic atoms as mentioned in Mannich reation. In conclusion when the chlorine is removed from atrazine, the Mannich reaction can be observed as we demonstrated experimentally. Identification of the complex obtained in the mixture atrazine dechlorinated-formaldehyd and uranine The Mannich reaction is an organic reaction which consists of an amino alkylation of an acidic proton placed next to a carbonyl functional group with formaldehyde and ammonia or any primary or secondary amine. The final product is a ÃŽ ²-amino-carbonyl compound also known as a Mannich base. Reactions between aldimines and ÃŽ ±-methylene carbonyls are also considered Mannich reactions because these imines form between amines and aldehydes. Equation D (15). We hypothesized that the reaction between uranine, formaldehyde and dechlorinated atrazine must be similar to reaction E. The mechanism of the reaction is the following: Equation E Atrazine compound presents a UV spectrum with a maximum absorbance at 220 nm whereas dechlorinated atrazine presents a maximum of absorption at 210 nm Spectra of atrazine and dechlorinated atrazine are presented in Figure 1. The mixture of dechlorinated atrazine, formaldehyde and uranine give rise to the formation of a complex described by the Mannich reaction. It is obviously that formaldehyde does not have any UV spectrum. The UV spectra of the complex give rise to a spectrum with two maxima at at 207 nm and 227 nm respectively. Figure 2 presents the spectra of atrazine. dechlorinted atrazine and the complex obtained by Mannich reaction. Atrazine 2 ÃŽ ¼g.ml-1 (A) (DA  : dechlorinated atrazine by zero valent iron powder), (DA+ H2CO : dechlorinated atrazine by zero valent iron powder with formaldehyde) (DA+ H2CO + uranine : : dechlorinated atrazine by zero valent iron powder with formaldehyde) Regression curve between the complex formation A calibration curve of the complex was built to examine the linearity of the complex absorbance and atrazine concentrations. The least square method was used to calculate the regression equation. A strong linear correlation was obtained between the absorbance of the complex and the concentrations of atrazine. Figure 4 shows the regression curve of complex absorbance in function of atrazine concentrations. Correlation coefficients were higher than 0.99 in a concentration range of 0.15 ÃŽ ¼g.mL-1 to 0.75ÃŽ ¼g.mL-1.The precision of the method was evaluated with relative standard deviations (RSD) of atrazine determination in five samples. RSD was 3 %. The limit of detection of the method was 0.01 µg.mL-1 as defined by a signal-to-noise ration of 3:1 (19). Spectrophotometric method for quantification of atrazine e using the internal standard addition model A spectrophotometric method using the internal standard addition was examined to quantitatively determine melamine concentrations in samples. A calibration curve was described by the following equation: A*= aC + b, which is equivalent to A* = (A0* /C0) x Cadd + A0*, with A* = (A/ A0) normalized absorbance intensity (arbitrary values), is equal to the ratio of the absorbance intensity after adding the internal standard A to the absorbance intensity before adding the internal standard (A0) C0: solute concentration to be estimated. C0 is determined by the negative intercept of the curve with the abscissa axis (16, 17). A0*: normalized absorbance intensity of the starting solution Cadd: known added concentrations. The plot of A* vs. Cadd is shown in Figure 5. The internal standard used in this method was the atrazine that we would like to determine (C0). To this initial solution, different known concentrations (Cadd) were added. The average recovery for five samples spiked with melamine as described above in Table 1 was estimated to be 97%  ± 3. Table 5 summarizes the validation parameters of this method. Spectrophotometric method for the quantification of atrazine in a sample taken from an agricultural zone, using the internal standard method. Samples taken from a water source contaminated with atrazine, are processed by zero valent iron powder for the dechlorination of atrazine molecules. A definite volume of this solution is mixed with the same concentrations of formaldehyde and uranine. Different volumes of standard solution of dechlorinated atrazine were added to the solutions to be analyzed. The composition of these solutions are summarized in Table 3. The UV-Vis spectra of the solutions were recorded to follow the evolution of the complex obtained after the mixture called Mannich mixture. Using the evolution of UV-Vis spectra, an internal standard curve could be constructed and the intersection of this curve with the axis of abscises gives the concentration of atrazine in the waters of Agriculture . The concentration of atrazine in these waters is estimated at 0.29 ± 0.011 ÃŽ ¼g.mL-1 (n = 5). Conclusion The spectrophotometric method used to analyse the atrazine in agriculture water was based on Mannich reaction .This new method is a specific and simple method for the quantitative determination of atrazine in the contaminated water. Often the determination of atrazine is measured by sophisticated and expensive methods like HPLC, GC/MS. However the proposed method is easy to use, rapid and economic and it showed high accuracy, but it was restricted by the potentiality of the spectrophotometer which reaches a limit of detection of 0.01 ÃŽ ¼g.mL-1 as described in the manuscript.

Australia And War :: essays research papers

Name: Frank Trimboli Teacher: Ms Meyers Date: 23/3/98 Should Australia involve itself in wars which do not directly affect its security? Australia has involved itself in four wars where it has suffered substantial life loss and casualty. Those wars included World War 1, World War 2, the Korean War and Vietnam. Did Australia have to involve itself in these wars? Did the lives of these young Australians have to be taken? There is a high degree of complexity in this question. Should Australia, as a mature nation, be taking part in moral issues around the world even though they are not happening on our doorstep? Do we ignore the deaths in Bosnia, the starving millions in Biafra and Ethiopia, the worldwide environmental issues raised by Greenpeace? What is the purpose of developing alliances, both economic and military, with other countries? At stake, in all of these issues, is our desire for a better world to live in. In World War 1 (WW1), 1914-1918, Australian troops became involved in order to give support to the "Mother Country". Great Britain only became involved after Germany did not respect the neutrality of Belgium. In the first world war, Australian soldiers participated in some of the bloodiest and most enduring battles known to man, and soon developed a courageous name for themselves. Of the 330 000 Aussie soldiers who took part in WW1, there were 211 500 casualties and over 60 000 deaths, a casualty rate much higher than that of several other participants. The Australian participation in WW2 was similar to that of WW1 in many ways. After the British declared war on Germany on September 3rd 1939, an Australian declaration of war was automatic. Aussie troops were soon sent to different parts of the world to help the British and other allied countries. It was not until late 1941 that they were recalled in order to defend the homefront. Darwin had been suddenly attacked by Japanese planes and small enemy submarines had snuck into Sydney Harbour. Darwin was repeatedly bombed by Japanese planes until July 1941, when along with American troops, the Aussies managed to drive them out of the Solomon Islands and northeastern New Guinea and eliminate a strong Japanese base at Rabaul. Without General MacArthur's troops, the enemy may very well have invaded Australia. This illustrates the importance of alliances. Over 926 000 Australians fought in WW2, three times as many as in WW1. Of those 33 000 died, only half as many as in WW1.

leadership Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Unlocking the Potential of Your Employees: The Not-So-Secret Secrets of Motivational Leadership†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leadership is executing strategy through others. The most demanding aspect of the job leadership is to get people to do what they are expected to do and to do it well and with motivations to overcome any barriers. â€Å"Successful execution begins with understand why people do what they do.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article talks about some insights into how to obtain and sustain employee commitment and motivation. The authors talks about how psychologist view motivation. Freud argued people are basically lazy and must be coerced to work. However, common sense alone says that if it were, true, managers would open all of their time watching people who refuse to cooperate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maslow came up with the â€Å"hierarchy of needs†. He said that people must meet his theory in sequence, before they can reach the next level. The needs start with basic physiological requirements and move on to safety, belonging, and esteem. The author claims that Maslow’s theory is incomplete because â€Å"employees who feel unappreciated and undervalued will often not feel satisfied at work and this may not work to their full potential.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to David McClellan’s hypothesis said humans are motivated by achievement, power and affiliation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author writes how these psychological theories gi...

Binge Drinking On Americas Campuses Essay -- Binge Drinking College A

Binge Drinking on America's Campuses On any Friday or Saturday night, the average college student is usually drinking, dancing and out having fun. They typically party with friends at fraternity parties, bars, and clubs; and unfortunately most of these students are underage, consuming excessive amounts of alcohol or 'Binge Drinking'. Binge drinking results in several detrimental outcomes, some are even fatal. Today this type of drinking is rampant on educational campuses everywhere. Large and small, urban and rural educational institutions are not left unaffected by this growing trend to binge drink.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Binge drinking is defined as "the consumption of five or more drinks, in a row, on at least one occasion" (NCADI). Several surveys announce that about 1/3rd of high school seniors and 42 percent of college students binge drink on a regular basis(NCADI). Figures such as these are extremely upsetting because one expects institutions of higher learning to be the breeding ground for new leaders and innovative thinkers. Unfortunately, these statistics only make educational campuses appear, as if, everything is a party, much like National Lampoon's Animal House. Animal House is a 1980's movie dedicated to displaying college life and the experience in a college fraternity; it constantly depicted students binge drinking. Harvard University's School of Public Health conducted a College Alcohol study, surveying students at more than 119 colleges. Of those surveyed, 44 percent admitted to having engaged in binge drinking at least once in the two weeks prior to the survey (Booze News). Researchers discovered that white students, age 23 or younger, and members of a fraternity or sorority, on average are more likely to binge drink (Booze News). They also noted that students who were binge drinkers in high school, were three times more likely to binge drink in college (Booze News). "The percentage of students who are binge drinkers is nearly uniform from freshman year to senior year, and over half of the binge drinkers were frequent binge drinkers" (Booze News). Binge drinking has been associated with several alcohol-related problems. The Harvard survey also notes that "a higher percentage of binge drinkers than non-binge drinkers reported having experienced alcohol-related problems, since the beginning of the school year" (Booze News). Frequent bing... .... http://www.health.org/govpubs/phd627/binge.htm ?Booze News Fact Sheet: BINGE DRINKING ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES.? Booze News Newsletter. February 2,1999.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.cspinet.org/booze/collfact.htm Bormann, Carol A. and Stone, Michael H. ?The Effects of Eliminating Alcohol in a College Stadium: The Folsom Field Beer Ban(University of Colorado at Boulder).? Journal of American College Health, Sept 2001 v50 i2 p81. Brick, John. ?Alcohol Poisoning.? A publication of Intoxikon International. AOL Online. http://members.aol.com/intoxikon/alcohol.poisoning.html Buurma, Christine. ?U. Michigan student's death shows risk of binge drinking.? The Cavalier Daily Online Edition. November 16, 2000. http://www.cavalierdaily.com/Cvarticle.asp?ID=6604&Date=11/16/2000&Keyword=binge+drinking   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Durand, Maria F. ?A Major Turning Point: MIT Case Causes Repercussions Throughout Nation.? ABC News Online. September 18, 2000. http://abcnews.go.com/sections/us/DailyNews/mit000915.html ?Media Project Launched to Combat College Binge Drinking.? Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). November 20, 1997. http://www.cspinet.org/new/aluncorn.htm

What If Rizal Was Not Exciled

In July 1982 Jose Rizal was exiled as prisoner in Dapitan. When he arrived in Dapitan, he found it to be a sleepy little town. He thought of ways and means to make it clean, beautiful, and modern. With the help of his friend, father Sanchez, he made a map of Mindanao in front of the church. The map was made up of stones, earth, and grass and it serves as adornment that makes the town plaza beautiful. He and Father Sanchez, together with the citizens, had erected a lamp post in every corner of Dapitan.By stroke of luck, he won six thousand pesos from lottery ticket and he spent the amount in Dapitan. Modern agriculture implements were taken and transmitted from the United State and he taught the farmers how to use them. He bought sixteen hectares of land along the bay where he himself built a little house. He had become a farmer who himself worked hard, toiled, and happy in planting coffee and cacao and from 800 to 1,000 coconuts. (Retana, 1907) As a doctor, Rizal was aware of a wide spread of malaria due to mosquito bites.In order to get rid of malaria, he drained the swap where mosquitoes were staying. He also directed the construction of water system to have potable water for the town. (Retana, 1907) As a scientist, he collected, with the help of his pupils, different kinds of species of insects, birds, snakes, butterflies, shells, and plants which he sent, for purposes of identification, to Museum of Dresden in Europe. As payment of these species, Director A. B. Meyer sent him scientific books and journals, artificial eyes, microscopes, and surgical instruments since he did not accept money.He also discovered three rare specimens of animals that were named in his honor by European scientist, these were: Draco rizali which is a small lizard know as a flying dragon; Apogania rizali a rare kind of beetle; and the Rhacophorus rizali, a peculiar frog species. Rizal was also an inventor although he was not as inventive wizard as Thomas Edison. He invented a cigare tte lighter which he called Sulpakan. The lighter used a compressed air mechanism. He sent it as a gift to his friend, Dr. Blumentritt. He also invented a wooden machine for making bricks which can produce about 6,000 bricks per day. Bantug, 1946; Craig ,1957; Kalaw 1930; Zaide, 1984) Rizal put up a school where he himself was a teacher. There were formal classes conducted from two to five o clock in the afternoon. His students, all of them were seventeen who were sons of leading citizens in Dapitan, had learned from him Arithmetic, Geometry, and two languages, English and Spanish. (Craig, 1927) It was in Dapitan where he treated the eyes of her mother and he succeeded because her mother’s eyes were cured temporarily. Upon request of his mother when she returned in Manila after Rizal had treated her eyes, Rizal wrote a poem entitled My Retreat.Critics had agreed that this poem was the most profound and noble he ever composed, but, it was only second to My Last Farewell. (Reta na) George Taufer an American from Hong Kong proceded to Dapitan to have his eyes treated by Rizal. Mr. Taufer was accompanied by two young women, Josephine Bracken and Manuela Orlac. Rizal and Josephine met every time Mr. Taufer had scheduled for treatment. Because of their meetings, Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other and they intended to get married. Rizal asked the Dapitan priest but the priest told him to secure permission to marry Josephine from Bishop of Cebu.However, upon learning about the marriage, Mr. Taufer attempted to cut his own throat but was prevented by Rizal by holding his two wrists. Mr. Taufer also became temporarily insane because he would loss Josephine if he married Rizal. When Mr. Taufer went back in Manila, Josephine went along with him in order to avoid tragedy. Josephine did not go to Hongkong when Mr. Taufer proceeded there. Josephine retured in Dapitan and there, Rizal and Josephine lived together like man and wife. (Russel & Rodriguez, 192 3) If Rizal was not exiled in Dapitan the forgoing events and circumstances could not have happened.Dapitan would still be sleepy little town because it was Rizal who had awaken it. Illnesses of malaria and diarrhea are prevalent because swamp would not have drained and there will no potable water, respectably. The implements for agriculture are not modern because Rizal could no have won 6,000 pesos in lottery ticket and therefore modern agricultural implement could not have been taken from the United States. There is nothing in Europe specifically in Museum of Dresden that a Filipino people can be proud of as of today because Rizal could not have sent more than 400 articles of scientific value.The European scientist could not have praise Rizal because he could not have discovered the three rare specimens of animals. In fact, the European scientist, as token of appreciation to Rizal, had named rare specimen the rare specimen in his honor. In effect, even in Europe Rizal is being rec ognize to be a science because of his discovery and collection of different specimen of animals and plants. He could not even be an inventor for having invented a lighter and a wooden machine for making bricks because if he is in Manila, he would be very active in reforming the friars through peaceful means.If Rizal did not meet Josephine in Dapitan, the retraction issue will not exist. To allow Rizal to marry Josephine, the Spaniards wanted Rizal to sign the retraction document which contain that he is denouncing all the books and articles that he had written against catholic religion; and he had regain his faith in catholic religion. However controversy arises because some believe that Rizal signs it and so he married Josephine Bracken. Others said that his signature was not genuine and he did not marry Josephine Bracken.If Rizal was incarcerated in Fort Santiago, his movement is limited to his prison cell. Instead of being a farmer, scientist, and inventor, his attention and work s would be focus in La Liga Filipina by writing about the abuses of friars and the reforms he wanted to undergo in governance by Spanish officials in the Philippines. (he is very accessible to he could still be imprisoned in Fort Santiago where his movement is confined in a prison cell. He could have been easily approached and consulted by Filipinos who wanted to stage uprising against Spanish government.If he was in Manila, he could have easily noticed the mistakes and mistreatments being done by the Spaniards to the Filipinos and therefore, he could have expressed his oppositions to these mistreatments. If Rizal was not exiled in Dapitan he could not have met Josephine whom he wanted to marry. Retraction controversy on Rizal regarding whether he became a catholic again or not could not have been an issue because the main reason why Rizal wanted to return in his religion is because he wanted to marry Josephine.La Liga Filipina which he was actively involved could not be dormant. La Liga Filipina is a group which is derived from La Solidaridad and the Propaganda Movement. When Jose Rizal got exiled in Dapitan the Organization La Liga Filipina became inactive and later on split into two, the conservative had formed the Cuerpo de Compromisarios and the Radical which is led by Andres Bonifacio had formed the secret group named the Katipunan. The La Liga Filipina would have still existed if Rizal was still n Manila because he would have continued his active participation as reformist to correct and reform the misadministration being conducted by the Spanish officials as well as the misdemeanor of friars in the Philippines. ) http://joserizal. info/Biography/man_and_martyr/chapter13. htm http://joserizal. info/Biography/man_and_martyr/chapter14. htm http://www. mb. com. ph/node/236170/hero-exile-remembered http://agham. asti. dost. gov. ph/1st/rizalnat. htm http://joserizal. info/Reflections/retraction. htm

Global Warming Report Essay

Over the past few decades scientist have been observing a warming trend in the over all temperature of the earth. Although the earth has been known to go through warm and cold periods, it seems that we humans are causing the earth to heat up this time. The greenhouse effect is causing the earth to go through this warming trend that we call global warming. The greenhouse effect is caused when the infrared radiation from the sun is absorbed in atmospheric gasses such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, and methane. All of these gasses escape slowly from the atmosphere, therefore the heat stays here longer in a short of warm airy blanket. Without the occurrence of the greenhouse effect scientist say that the earths average temperature would be around 30 degrees C. or 50 degrees F. There are many greenhouse gasses that can trap the infrared rays of the sun. Carbon dioxide can be released into the atmosphere in several ways, the bulk of it is produced by car exhaust, deforestation, and the burning of fossil fuels. It is a colorless, odorless, non flammable gas, and it is also the most prominent greenhouse gas in earths atmosphere. CO2 is recycled through the earths atmosphere using the process photosynthesis, which makes most life on earth possible. Another greenhouse gas is methane and it is one of the most common gasses in the universe. methane is colorless odorless gas that is lighter than air and is produced by organic decay. Deposits of methane can usually be found in areas where lots of natural decay takes place, such as swamps, and land fills. Each year we add 350-500 million tons of methane to the atmosphere through mining, raising livestock, rice cultivation, and landfills. In fact a cow can release up to a half pound of methane into the air everyday. Nitrous oxide is another colorless and greenhouse gas, however it does smell sweet. It is mostly used medically because it deadens pain, because of this it is called laughing gas. It is released naturally from oceans and by bacteria is soil. It is important to reduce our emissions because nitrous oxide we release today will still be trapped in the atmosphere 100 years from now. The set of greenhouse gasses are fluorocarbons, that is a general term for any group of synthetic organic compounds that have fluorine and carbon. These can be found in aerosol cans, refrigerators, and air conditioners. When fluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere they breakdown molecules of the earths ozone layer. The effects of global warming are also good for human beings, because it could increase food production. The most important factor in crop production is climate, and global warming would facilitate a better climate for the growth of more crops. It would also create much more space for businesses were there was once ice and harsh climate. Also without global warming the earth temperature would be about 30 degrees F. n average. With global warming there would be far fewer deaths from cold exposer. If global warming caused enough arctic melt then shippers would have many new shortcut routes to take from place to place. After glacier melt we would have access to many new mining areas. However global warming will also have some large negative effects. Such as health concerns, scientist predict that there will be ma ny more deaths from diseases that are irritated by heat, including heart attacks and heatstroke. Another downside to global warming is the amount of flooding that will occur with coastal cities. Scientist have predicted that about a sixth of the country will be under water after global warming has taken full effect. The Maldive Islands are a nation of 1190 islands that are home to over 200,000 people. These islands are only 1. 5 meters above sea level and if global warming occurs then all of those people will have to be relocated. There are many things that we as human beings can do to help prevent global warming from happening. We can start to take advantage of all the different types of renewable energy instead of burning fossil fuels that pollute the atmosphere in multiple ways. There are many types of clean, efficient, renewable energy sources. There are many energy sources that the earth has provided for us that we need to take advantage of. We need to build more wind turbines, hydro electric plants, and solar power plants. Another way of producing clean energy include using fission through nuclear power to create a clean renewable energy source. Government can also be doing there part by funding research about global warming and raising awareness about how individuals can be doing there part to reduce pollution. In conclusion, Global warming is a very serious thing, it can affect the orld in many different ways. We just need to decide which effects help or harm the world the most and then make an educated choice as to which ones the earth can handle while taking the least amount of stress, and having the best long term effect. ————————————————â €”———————————————————————————————————— Patrick Michaels, â€Å"The Satanic Gasses† Henry Willis, â€Å"Earths Future Climate† Fred Singer, â€Å"Hot Talk and Cold Science† Ronald Bailey, â€Å"Global Warming and Other Eco Myths†

Computer & Engineering Essay

How Individual information systems can improve personal productivity ( My Own Practice) Reading, writing, arithmetic, speaking, and listening are all considered basic skills. These skills are useful over a wide range of problems that people encounter. Now use of computer-based personal productivity tools is emerging as a new standard in education. My own skills improved and still growing with that strange hit and pick the keys of keyboard and the big different way to writing and do our thing without pencil or pen if I wont to draw my sketch ( Because I’m production engineer and how can make a report or set workers as list to describe the way to product. But I wont to set specific way and the main benefits from changing from pen to computer hit at key and I think it is the time for future systematic way to discuss our self by computerize way or systematic by set points and discuss productivity tools : My Process Writing: Many of the fundamental ideas regarding personal productivity tools can be illustrated using a word processor. It is likely that I have used a word processor; thus, a number of the ideas given here will be familiar with me. To begin, you know that there is a considerable difference between being able to use a writing tool–be it pencil and paper or a word processor–and being able to write [[effectively]]. The tool, by itself, does not make you into a writer. Writing is a process designed to produce a document that communicates a message. Typically, the production of a written product goes through several steps that, collectively, are known as process writing. 1. Conception of ideas and development of these ideas. This may involve brainstorming, doodling, making brief notes, and a lot of thinking. 2. Development of an initial draft. This involves getting the conceptualized ideas into words. 3. Obtaining and making use of feedback. Feedback from oneself and others is used to produce revised versions of the initial draft. Often this involves repeated cycling back to step 1 and/or 2. 4. Polishing the final draft for publication. This includes final cleanup on spelling and grammar. Nowadays, it often includes formatting the materials in a professional manner using desktop publishing techniques. Computers can play an important role in each of these four steps of process writing. While the first step may be primarily mental, there are a variety of pieces of software designed to aid in jotting down ideas and organizing these ideas. [[See specifically, software designed to aid in cognitive mapping or concept mapping.]] In addition, most modern word processors include an outliner. This makes it easy to get rough draft ideas into the machine and to reorganize them as needed. Revision is an important idea in problem solving as well. There are many problem-solving situations in which one can develop a proposed solution and then get feedback from oneself and others on the quality of the proposed solution. The feedback is then used in doing revisions to the proposed solution. The feedback and revision cycle continues until a satisfactory solution is obtained. Desktop publishing has become a major industry. All word-processing software contains provisions for producing a final document that is nicely laid out. Professionallevel desktop-publishing software contains a wide range of aids to produce professionallooking final products. Such documents often make use of graphics and color. They may be laid out in columns, make use of a range of type styles and sizes, and be designed to help convey their messages. A person can learn to keyboard in a hunt-and-peck mode with just a minute or so of instruction. Young children can learn such keyboarding more easily than they can learn to form letters using pencil and paper. Similarly, it takes only a few minutes of instruction to learn how to use a word processor in a hunt-and-peck mode. However, this low level of word-processor use is only a modest aid to productivity in writing. It is too slow and it does not take advantage of the powerful writing aids that are built into a modern word processor. Four things for a word processor to be a useful personal process writing aid: 1. Keyboarding skills. You need not be a touch typist, even though it is helpful. Many professional writers are not touch typists. They look at the keyboard and they use only a couple of fingers from each hand as they keyboard. However, they know where the keys are and they have considerable speed. The skills that they have developed are adequate to fit their needs. And I am good now at that speed to make the typing more easily. 2. Word-processing skills. For example, how do you do a cut and paste? How do you do a search and replace? How do you use a spell checker and a thesaurus? How do you create tables, alphabetize a list, or automate the production of an index and table of contents? The manual for a modern word processor may be many hundreds of pages in length. 3. Word processor-assisted writing skills. In essence, paper and pencil provide a linear writing environment where it is difficult to correct errors and even more difficult to make significant overall revisions to a document. Interchanging the order of two paragraphs requires recopying an entire page or more. The word- processing environment is different. It takes a lot of training and experience to unlearn some of the linear and restrictive writing habits that are required when working with pencil and paper, and to learn to take advantage of the power of a word processor. 4. Desktop publication knowledge and skills. Before the development of desktop publication, many people made a living in the design, layout, and typesetting of print materials. Both design and typesetting were skilled professions. Now, desktop publication tools have made the writer more and more responsible for design and â€Å"typesetting.† Generic Computer Productivity Tools We use the term generic tool to describe a software tool that is applicable over a wide range of different disciplines. The word processor and desktop-publishing tools discussed in the previous section are examples of generic tools. To make effective use of a generic tool, you need to know both the tool and the domain of application. You already have a reasonable level of expertise in many different domains. Thus, as you learn to use one of these generic tools, you will find that it is relatively easy to apply the tool to your areas of expertise. There are many software tools that might be considered generic. The following list has been arranged in alphabetical order and I am doing my work with that software tool because my work depend on it . Computer-assisted design (CAD). Notice how this computer application relates to spatial intelligence in the Howard Gardner list of multiple intelligences. CAD software is used to do architectural and engineering drawings of products that are to be constructed. A CAD system can be used in the design of all sorts of products. Such software is used in place of the ruler, compass, protractor, and other tools formerly used by the draftsperson. Database. A database is an organized collection of information, often specific to one particular topic. A telephone book is a database of names, addresses, and telephone numbers. A computerized database is much easier to edit (add entries, make corrections, delete entries) than a printed database. A computerized database is designed to make it easy to locate needed information. It is also designed to make it easy to sort information into a desired format or to prepare reports based on parts of the information. ï‚ · Desktop presentation (to university oral presentations). The overhead projector, filmstrip projector, movie projector, [[slide projector,]] tape recorder, and video projector have gradually merged into a computer-based system. Material to be presented is stored on computer disk in digital form and edited using the computer. The presenter then uses the desktop-presentation system interactively when making the oral presentation. Desktop publication. A computer system is used to store, edit, design, and lay out the materials that are to be published in printed form. Output may be to a printer, to film used to make plates to go on a printing press, or directly to a printing press. Graphics (paint and draw programs). A paint program has some of the characteristics of a set of painting tools, while a draw program has some of the characteristics of a set of drawing tools. Taken together, these tools can be used to accomplish a wide range of graphic artist tasks. The graphics that are produced can be used in a word-processing document, in desktop presentation, or in other types of computer applications. Graphing (for graphing data and functions). Numerical data is easily converted to a wide range of different types of graphs, such as bar graph, line graph, pie chart, and so on. Mathematical functions can be represented graphically. For example, a three-dimensional mathematical surface can be represented on the computer screen and then rotated to allow viewing from different perspectives. A lot of our project with university topics we do it by graphing. Groupware. This software combines telecommunications with personal productivity tools. It is designed to facilitate a group of people from different locations in working jointly, both simultaneously and individually, on a computer-based project. Increasingly, groupware will include provisions for the users to talk to each other and see each other as they work together. Hypermedia. A hypermedia document is designed to be used [[â€Å"read†]] interactively by a computer user. It may combine text, sound, graphics, color, and video in a nonlinear fashion. The nonlinearity and interactivity mean that â€Å"reading† a hypermedia document requires the use of a computer. Increasingly, our educational system is working to have students become â€Å"reading and writing† hypermedia literate. Math systems. There are a number of comprehensive software packages that can solve a huge range of math problems. Such software can solve the types of problems that students struggle over in algebra, calculus, and other math courses. The use of such software in these courses leads to a drastic change in the nature of the courses. And, of course, it leads to a drastic change in the ability of students to actually solve the types of problems they are studying in the courses. Spreadsheet. A spreadsheet is designed to aid in doing bookkeeping, accounting, and modeling of business problems. It can also be used in other computational situations in which one works with a table of numbers and formulas. A key feature is that the computer system can automatically rework all of the computations represented in the table whenever you make a change to any of the numbers or formulas. Telecommunications [(for communication among people, information, and machines)]]. Telecommunications is the electronic link between people, computers, and other machines. This may be via a local area network, perhaps just connecting people, computers, and machines that are all in one building. It may also be a worldwide connection, using local and long distance telephone lines, satellites, microwave systems, and fiber optics. Intelligent, digital connectivity is having a major impact on the societies and people of our planet. Word processor. A word processor is software designed to aid in writing. A modern word processor contains a number of features, such as a spell checker, thesaurus, graphics, and graphing, that may be of use to a writer. There is no clear dividing line between a word processor and desktop-publishing software. Although a generic computer-based personal productivity tool can be used in many different disciplines, each tool is oriented towards representing and solving certain somewhat specific types of problems. With me all that thing above change my way to solving problems and I try to make it more easily for me and update my experiences with the latest version of that software or methods .